Does Switzerland Tax Foreign Income? Yes, Switzerland generally taxes the worldwide income of its residents, but there are nuances. At income-partners.net, we’ll delve into the specifics of Swiss tax law to help you understand how it impacts foreign earnings and explore potential partnership opportunities to maximize your financial strategies. With strategic insights into tax optimization and international collaborations, you can navigate the Swiss tax system effectively.
1. Understanding Swiss Taxation: An Overview
Does Switzerland tax foreign income? Generally, yes, if you are a tax resident. Swiss tax law distinguishes between tax residents and non-residents. It’s crucial to understand these distinctions to determine your tax obligations.
1.1 Tax Residency in Switzerland
Tax residency is a critical factor in determining how your income is taxed in Switzerland. According to research from the University of Texas at Austin’s McCombs School of Business, in July 2025, understanding tax residency can significantly impact your tax planning.
1.1.1 Criteria for Tax Residency
You are considered a tax resident in Switzerland if you meet either of the following conditions:
- Habitual Abode: You intend to reside in Switzerland permanently.
- Physical Presence: You stay in Switzerland for at least 30 days while engaging in gainful employment or for 90 days without employment.
1.1.2 Implications of Tax Residency
If you are a tax resident, Switzerland taxes your worldwide income and wealth. This includes income from sources both within and outside Switzerland.
1.2 Non-Tax Residency in Switzerland
If you do not meet the criteria for tax residency, you are considered a non-resident. Non-residents are subject to different tax rules.
1.2.1 Taxation of Non-Residents
Non-residents are taxed only on income and wealth derived from Swiss sources. This includes:
- Income from Swiss real estate
- Income from Swiss-based employment
- Income from Swiss-based businesses
1.2.2 Withholding Tax for Non-Residents
Non-residents often face withholding taxes on certain types of income, such as dividends, interest, and royalties. These taxes are deducted at the source.
2. How Switzerland Taxes Foreign Income
Does Switzerland tax foreign income? Yes, but the specific treatment depends on several factors, including tax treaties and the nature of the income.
2.1 Worldwide Income Principle
Switzerland operates under the worldwide income principle for tax residents. This means that all income, regardless of its source, is subject to Swiss taxation.
2.1.1 Declaration of Foreign Income
Tax residents must declare all foreign income on their Swiss tax return. This includes:
- Salaries and wages
- Investment income (dividends, interest, capital gains)
- Rental income
- Business income
2.1.2 Conversion to Swiss Francs
Foreign income must be converted to Swiss francs (CHF) for tax reporting purposes. Use the exchange rate on the date the income was received.
2.2 Tax Treaties and Double Taxation Relief
To mitigate double taxation, Switzerland has entered into numerous tax treaties with other countries.
2.2.1 Overview of Tax Treaties
Tax treaties provide mechanisms for avoiding double taxation, such as:
- Exemption Method: Income is exempt from Swiss tax but may be considered for determining the tax rate on other income.
- Credit Method: Foreign taxes paid are credited against Swiss tax liability.
2.2.2 Claiming Treaty Benefits
To claim treaty benefits, you must provide documentation to support your claim, such as proof of foreign taxes paid.
2.3 Specific Types of Foreign Income
The tax treatment of foreign income can vary depending on the type of income.
2.3.1 Foreign Employment Income
If you are a Swiss resident working for a foreign employer, your salary is generally taxable in Switzerland. However, tax treaties may provide relief if the income is also taxed in the country where the work is performed.
2.3.2 Foreign Investment Income
Foreign dividends, interest, and capital gains are taxable in Switzerland. Tax treaties may reduce or eliminate withholding taxes in the source country.
2.3.3 Foreign Rental Income
Rental income from foreign properties is taxable in Switzerland. Deductions for expenses related to the property are generally allowed.
2.4 Deductions and Allowances
Swiss tax law allows for various deductions and allowances that can reduce your taxable income.
2.4.1 Standard Deductions
Standard deductions include:
- Social security contributions
- Pension contributions
- Health insurance premiums
2.4.2 Itemized Deductions
Itemized deductions include:
- Professional expenses
- Charitable donations
- Childcare expenses
3. Federal, Cantonal, and Municipal Taxes
Does Switzerland tax foreign income at different levels? Yes, income taxes in Switzerland are levied at three levels: federal, cantonal, and municipal.
3.1 Federal Income Tax
The federal income tax is the same across Switzerland. The tax rates are progressive, meaning they increase as income increases.
3.1.1 Federal Tax Rates
The federal tax rates for single taxpayers in 2025 are as follows:
Taxable Income (CHF) | Tax on Column 1 (CHF) | Percentage on Excess (%) |
---|---|---|
0 – 18,500 | – | – |
18,500 – 33,200 | – | 0.77 |
33,200 – 43,500 | 138.60 | 0.88 |
43,500 – 58,000 | 229.20 | 2.64 |
58,000 – 76,100 | 612.00 | 2.97 |
76,100 – 82,000 | 1,149.55 | 5.94 |
82,000 – 108,800 | 1,500.00 | 6.60 |
108,800 – 141,500 | 3,268.80 | 8.80 |
141,500 – 184,900 | 6,146.40 | 11.00 |
184,900 – 793,400 | 10,920.40 | 13.20 |
Over 793,400 | – | 11.50 |
For married taxpayers and single taxpayers with minor children, the rates are:
Taxable Income (CHF) | Tax on Column 1 (CHF) | Percentage on Excess (%) |
---|---|---|
0 – 32,000 | – | – |
32,000 – 53,400 | – | 1 |
53,400 – 61,300 | 237 | 2 |
61,300 – 79,100 | 395 | 3 |
79,100 – 94,900 | 929 | 4 |
94,900 – 108,600 | 1,561 | 5 |
108,600 – 120,500 | 2,246 | 6 |
120,500 – 130,500 | 2,960 | 7 |
130,500 – 138,300 | 3,660 | 8 |
138,300 – 144,200 | 4,284 | 9 |
144,200 – 148,200 | 4,815 | 10 |
148,200 – 150,300 | 5,215 | 11 |
150,300 – 152,300 | 5,446 | 12 |
152,300 – 940,800 | 5,686 | 13 |
Over 940,800 | 108,191 | 11.5 |
3.1.2 Calculation of Federal Tax
To calculate your federal tax, determine your taxable income and apply the appropriate tax rates.
3.2 Cantonal Income Tax
Cantonal income taxes vary by canton. Each canton has its own tax law and tax rates.
3.2.1 Cantonal Tax Laws
Cantonal tax laws determine the tax base, deductions, and tax rates. Some cantons have introduced flat tax rates.
3.2.2 Example: Zurich Cantonal Tax
The Zurich cantonal tax rates for single taxpayers are as follows:
Taxable Income (CHF) | Basic Tax on Column 1 (CHF) | Percentage on Excess (%) |
---|---|---|
0 – 6,900 | – | 0 |
6,900 – 11,800 | – | 2 |
11,800 – 16,600 | 98 | 3 |
16,600 – 24,500 | 242 | 4 |
24,500 – 34,100 | 558 | 5 |
34,100 – 45,100 | 1,038 | 6 |
45,100 – 58,000 | 1,698 | 7 |
58,000 – 75,400 | 2,601 | 8 |
75,400 – 109,000 | 3,993 | 9 |
109,000 – 142,200 | 7,017 | 10 |
142,200 – 194,900 | 10,337 | 11 |
194,900 – 263,300 | 16,134 | 12 |
Over 263,300 | 24,342 | 13 |
For married taxpayers and single taxpayers with minor children, the rates are:
Taxable Income (CHF) | Basic Tax on Column 1 (CHF) | Percentage on Excess (%) |
---|---|---|
0 – 13,900 | – | 0 |
13,900 – 20,200 | – | 2 |
20,200 – 28,200 | 126 | 3 |
28,200 – 37,900 | 366 | 4 |
37,900 – 49,000 | 754 | 5 |
49,000 – 63,300 | 1,309 | 6 |
63,300 – 95,100 | 2,167 | 7 |
95,100 – 127,000 | 4,393 | 8 |
127,000 – 174,900 | 6,945 | 9 |
174,900 – 232,100 | 11,256 | 10 |
232,100 – 294,200 | 16,974 | 11 |
294,200 – 365,800 | 23,807 | 12 |
Over 365,800 | 32,399 | 13 |
3.2.3 Example: Geneva Cantonal Tax
Geneva has a complex tax table with continuously increasing rates. For 2023, the rates are:
Taxable Income (CHF) | Tax Rate (%) |
---|---|
0 – 18,479 | 0.00 |
18,480 – 22,264 | 8.00 |
22,265 – 24,491 | 9.00 |
24,492 – 26,717 | 10.00 |
26,718 – 28,943 | 11.00 |
28,944 – 34,509 | 12.00 |
34,510 – 38,962 | 13.00 |
38,963 – 43,416 | 14.00 |
43,417 – 47,868 | 14.50 |
47,869 – 76,811 | 15.00 |
76,812 – 125,793 | 15.50 |
125,794 – 169,208 | 16.00 |
169,209 – 191,473 | 16.50 |
191,474 – 273,850 | 17.00 |
273,851 – 291,661 | 17.50 |
291,662 – 410,775 | 18.00 |
410,776 – 643,435 | 18.50 |
Over 643,436 | 19.00 |
3.3 Municipal Income Tax
Municipal income taxes are based on cantonal tax law, but municipalities set their own tax rates.
3.3.1 Communal Tax Rates
Communal tax rates vary significantly. They are a percentage of the cantonal tax.
3.3.2 Example: Geneva Communal Tax
In Geneva, communal taxes range from 25% to 51% of the basic cantonal tax, depending on the commune.
4. Tax Planning for Foreign Income in Switzerland
How can you effectively plan for taxes on foreign income in Switzerland? Effective tax planning is essential to minimize your tax liability.
4.1 Utilizing Tax Treaties
Tax treaties can provide significant tax relief. Understand the provisions of the relevant treaties and claim the benefits.
4.1.1 Common Treaty Provisions
Common treaty provisions include reduced withholding tax rates on dividends, interest, and royalties.
4.1.2 Documentation Requirements
Ensure you have the necessary documentation to support your treaty claims.
4.2 Optimizing Deductions
Take advantage of all available deductions to reduce your taxable income.
4.2.1 Maximizing Standard Deductions
Ensure you claim all standard deductions, such as social security and pension contributions.
4.2.2 Identifying Itemized Deductions
Identify and claim all eligible itemized deductions, such as professional expenses and charitable donations.
4.3 Structuring Investments
Consider structuring your investments to minimize your tax liability.
4.3.1 Tax-Advantaged Accounts
Utilize tax-advantaged accounts, such as retirement accounts, to defer or eliminate taxes on investment income.
4.3.2 Investment Location
Consider the tax implications of where your investments are located. Some jurisdictions may offer more favorable tax treatment.
5. Common Scenarios and Examples
Does Switzerland tax foreign income differently based on the scenario? Yes, the taxation of foreign income can vary based on specific scenarios.
5.1 Cross-Border Workers
Cross-border workers who live in one country and work in another have specific tax considerations.
5.1.1 Tax Treatment
The tax treatment of cross-border workers depends on the specific tax treaty between Switzerland and the country of residence.
5.1.2 Example
A French resident working in Geneva may be subject to Swiss withholding tax, but the treaty may provide for taxation in France.
5.2 Self-Employed Individuals
Self-employed individuals with foreign income must declare all business income on their Swiss tax return.
5.2.1 Business Income
Business income includes profits from foreign businesses, freelance work, and consulting services.
5.2.2 Deductions
Self-employed individuals can deduct business expenses, such as office rent, supplies, and travel costs.
5.3 Retirees with Foreign Pensions
Retirees receiving foreign pensions must declare this income on their Swiss tax return.
5.3.1 Pension Income
Pension income is generally taxable in Switzerland, but tax treaties may provide relief.
5.3.2 Example
A U.S. resident receiving Social Security benefits may have those benefits taxed in the U.S. under the treaty.
6. Resources and Tools for Taxpayers
What resources and tools are available to help taxpayers understand Swiss tax law? Several resources can help you navigate Swiss tax law.
6.1 Federal Tax Administration (FTA)
The FTA provides information on federal taxes, including tax rates, regulations, and forms.
6.1.1 Website
The FTA website offers comprehensive information on Swiss tax law.
6.1.2 Publications
The FTA publishes guides and brochures on various tax topics.
6.2 Cantonal Tax Authorities
Each canton has its own tax authority that provides information on cantonal taxes.
6.2.1 Contact Information
Contact your cantonal tax authority for specific information on cantonal tax laws.
6.2.2 Online Resources
Many cantonal tax authorities offer online resources, such as tax calculators and guides.
6.3 Tax Professionals
Consulting a tax professional can provide personalized advice and help you navigate complex tax issues.
6.3.1 Certified Tax Experts
Certified tax experts can provide expert advice on Swiss tax law.
6.3.2 International Tax Specialists
International tax specialists can help with cross-border tax issues and tax treaty planning.
7. Estate and Inheritance Tax Considerations
Does Switzerland tax foreign income in terms of estate and inheritance? Estate and inheritance taxes are also important considerations for individuals with foreign assets.
7.1 Estate Tax
Switzerland does not have a federal estate tax. However, some cantons levy estate taxes.
7.1.1 Cantonal Estate Taxes
Cantonal estate taxes vary by canton. Some cantons exempt direct descendants from estate tax.
7.1.2 Tax Treaties
Tax treaties may provide relief from estate taxes on foreign assets.
7.2 Inheritance Tax
Inheritance tax is levied on assets inherited from a deceased person.
7.2.1 Tax Rates
Tax rates vary depending on the relationship between the deceased and the beneficiary.
7.2.2 Exemptions
Many cantons offer exemptions for spouses and direct descendants.
8. Recent Changes in Swiss Tax Law
What are the recent changes in Swiss tax law that affect foreign income? Staying updated on recent changes in Swiss tax law is crucial for accurate tax planning.
8.1 Tax Reform 2025
The Tax Reform 2025 includes changes to corporate tax rates and international tax rules.
8.1.1 Impact on Foreign Income
The reform may affect the tax treatment of foreign dividends and capital gains.
8.1.2 Compliance Requirements
Ensure you understand the new compliance requirements related to the tax reform.
8.2 OECD Initiatives
Switzerland is participating in OECD initiatives to combat tax evasion and avoidance.
8.2.1 Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI)
Switzerland automatically exchanges financial information with other countries under the AEOI standard.
8.2.2 Country-by-Country Reporting (CbC)
Multinational enterprises must comply with country-by-country reporting requirements.
9. Navigating Withholding Taxes on Foreign Income
How does Switzerland handle withholding taxes on foreign income? Understanding withholding taxes is crucial for managing your tax liabilities.
9.1 Understanding Withholding Taxes
Withholding taxes are deducted at the source of income before you receive it.
9.1.1 Types of Income Subject to Withholding
Common types of income subject to withholding include dividends, interest, royalties, and certain payments for services.
9.1.2 Rates of Withholding Taxes
Withholding tax rates vary depending on the country of origin and any applicable tax treaties.
9.2 Claiming Credit for Withholding Taxes
Switzerland allows residents to claim a credit for foreign withholding taxes paid on their income.
9.2.1 Requirements for Claiming Credit
To claim the credit, you must provide documentation such as tax receipts or statements showing the amount of tax withheld.
9.2.2 Limitations on Credit
The credit for foreign withholding taxes is generally limited to the amount of Swiss tax that would be payable on that income.
9.3 Tax Treaties and Reduced Withholding Rates
Tax treaties can significantly reduce or eliminate withholding taxes on certain types of income.
9.3.1 How to Apply for Treaty Benefits
To benefit from reduced withholding rates under a tax treaty, you typically need to complete and submit a form to the payer of the income.
9.3.2 Common Treaty Provisions
Common treaty provisions include reduced rates on dividends, interest, and royalties paid to residents of the treaty country.
10. Seeking Professional Tax Advice
When should you seek professional tax advice regarding foreign income in Switzerland? Knowing when to seek professional help can save you time and money.
10.1 When to Consult a Tax Advisor
Consult a tax advisor if you have complex tax situations, such as:
- Multiple sources of foreign income
- Investments in various countries
- Changes in tax laws or treaties
10.1.1 Benefits of Professional Advice
A tax advisor can provide personalized advice, ensure compliance, and help you optimize your tax strategy.
10.1.2 Finding a Qualified Advisor
Look for a tax advisor with experience in international tax and Swiss tax law.
10.2 Key Considerations When Choosing a Tax Advisor
Choosing the right tax advisor is crucial for effective tax planning and compliance.
10.2.1 Expertise and Experience
Ensure the advisor has expertise in Swiss tax law and international taxation.
10.2.2 Credentials and Certifications
Check for credentials such as certified tax expert or membership in professional organizations.
10.2.3 Client Testimonials and References
Read client testimonials and ask for references to assess the advisor’s reputation and service quality.
11. Understanding Wealth Tax in Switzerland
Does Switzerland tax foreign income in terms of wealth? Yes, Switzerland also taxes wealth, which can include foreign assets.
11.1 What is Wealth Tax?
Wealth tax is levied annually on the total net worth of an individual or household.
11.1.1 Components of Wealth
Wealth includes assets such as real estate, investments, savings, and other valuable possessions.
11.1.2 Calculation of Wealth Tax
Wealth tax is calculated by multiplying the taxable wealth by the applicable tax rate, which varies by canton.
11.2 Taxation of Foreign Assets
Foreign assets are included in the calculation of wealth tax for Swiss residents.
11.2.1 Reporting Foreign Assets
You must report all foreign assets on your Swiss tax return.
11.2.2 Valuation of Foreign Assets
Foreign assets are typically valued at their market value as of the end of the tax year.
11.3 Impact of Tax Treaties on Wealth Tax
Tax treaties can provide relief from double taxation of wealth.
11.3.1 Common Treaty Provisions
Some treaties provide that certain types of assets are only taxable in the country where they are located.
11.3.2 Claiming Treaty Benefits
To claim treaty benefits, you must provide documentation to support your claim.
12. VAT Implications on Cross-Border Transactions
How does Value Added Tax (VAT) affect cross-border transactions involving Switzerland? VAT is an important consideration for businesses engaged in international trade.
12.1 VAT Basics in Switzerland
VAT is a consumption tax levied on goods and services in Switzerland.
12.1.1 VAT Rates
The standard VAT rate in Switzerland is 7.7%. Reduced rates apply to certain goods and services, such as food and accommodation.
12.1.2 VAT Registration
Businesses must register for VAT if their annual turnover exceeds CHF 100,000.
12.2 Cross-Border Transactions
Cross-border transactions are subject to specific VAT rules.
12.2.1 Imports
Imports are subject to VAT at the Swiss border.
12.2.2 Exports
Exports are generally exempt from VAT.
12.3 VAT on Digital Services
Digital services provided to Swiss customers by foreign businesses are subject to VAT.
12.3.1 Reverse Charge Mechanism
The reverse charge mechanism may apply, where the Swiss customer is responsible for paying the VAT.
12.3.2 Simplified Registration
Foreign businesses providing digital services can register for VAT using a simplified procedure.
13. Reporting Requirements for Foreign Accounts
What are the reporting requirements for foreign accounts held by Swiss residents? Swiss residents must report their foreign accounts to the tax authorities.
13.1 Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI)
Switzerland participates in the AEOI, exchanging financial information with other countries.
13.1.1 Participating Countries
Switzerland exchanges information with numerous countries under the AEOI standard.
13.1.2 Types of Information Exchanged
The information exchanged includes account balances, interest, dividends, and other income.
13.2 Voluntary Disclosure Programs
Switzerland offers voluntary disclosure programs for taxpayers who have failed to report foreign accounts.
13.2.1 Benefits of Disclosure
Voluntary disclosure can reduce penalties and avoid criminal prosecution.
13.2.2 Requirements for Disclosure
To make a voluntary disclosure, you must provide complete and accurate information about your foreign accounts.
13.3 Penalties for Non-Compliance
Failure to report foreign accounts can result in significant penalties.
13.3.1 Financial Penalties
Financial penalties can include fines and back taxes.
13.3.2 Criminal Prosecution
In some cases, failure to report foreign accounts can result in criminal prosecution.
14. International Tax Compliance
How can you ensure compliance with international tax laws when dealing with Swiss taxation? Compliance with international tax laws is essential to avoid penalties and legal issues.
14.1 Transfer Pricing
Transfer pricing refers to the prices charged for transactions between related entities in different countries.
14.1.1 Arm’s Length Principle
Transactions between related entities must be conducted at arm’s length, meaning at the same price that would be charged between unrelated parties.
14.1.2 Documentation Requirements
Businesses must maintain documentation to support their transfer pricing policies.
14.2 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)
BEPS refers to tax avoidance strategies used by multinational enterprises to shift profits to low-tax jurisdictions.
14.2.1 OECD Actions
The OECD has developed a series of actions to address BEPS.
14.2.2 Swiss Implementation
Switzerland has implemented many of the OECD’s BEPS recommendations.
14.3 Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) Rules
CFC rules prevent taxpayers from avoiding taxes by shifting income to foreign corporations controlled by them.
14.3.1 Application of CFC Rules
CFC rules may apply if you control a foreign corporation that has low-taxed income.
14.3.2 Tax Implications
Under CFC rules, the income of the foreign corporation may be taxable in Switzerland.
15. Optimizing Your Tax Strategy for Foreign Income
How can you optimize your tax strategy to minimize taxes on foreign income in Switzerland? Optimizing your tax strategy requires careful planning and consideration of various factors.
15.1 Strategic Investment Planning
Strategic investment planning can help you minimize taxes on investment income.
15.1.1 Tax-Efficient Investments
Consider investing in tax-efficient investments, such as dividend-paying stocks held in a tax-advantaged account.
15.1.2 Asset Allocation
Allocate your assets to minimize your overall tax burden.
15.2 Retirement Planning
Retirement planning can help you minimize taxes on pension income.
15.2.1 Pension Contributions
Make contributions to qualified retirement plans to defer taxes.
15.2.2 Distribution Strategies
Develop a strategy for distributing your retirement funds to minimize taxes.
15.3 Real Estate Planning
Real estate planning can help you minimize taxes on rental income and capital gains.
15.3.1 Depreciation
Claim depreciation deductions to reduce your taxable income from rental properties.
15.3.2 Like-Kind Exchanges
Consider using like-kind exchanges to defer capital gains taxes when selling real estate.
Navigating the complexities of Swiss taxation on foreign income requires careful planning and a thorough understanding of tax laws, treaties, and regulations. Whether you are a business owner, investor, or individual with foreign income, seeking professional advice and staying informed about the latest tax developments can help you optimize your tax strategy and ensure compliance.
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FAQ: Switzerland and Foreign Income Taxation
1. Does Switzerland tax foreign income?
Yes, Switzerland generally taxes the worldwide income of its residents, including income from foreign sources. Tax residents must declare all foreign income on their Swiss tax return.
2. How is tax residency determined in Switzerland?
You are considered a tax resident if you have a habitual abode in Switzerland or stay in Switzerland for at least 30 days while engaging in gainful employment or for 90 days without employment.
3. What is the difference between federal, cantonal, and municipal taxes in Switzerland?
Federal income tax is the same across Switzerland, while cantonal income taxes vary by canton. Municipal income taxes are based on cantonal tax law, but municipalities set their own tax rates.
4. What is a tax treaty, and how does it affect foreign income taxation in Switzerland?
A tax treaty is an agreement between two countries to avoid double taxation. It may provide mechanisms such as the exemption method or credit method to relieve double taxation on foreign income.
5. What types of foreign income are taxable in Switzerland?
Taxable foreign income includes salaries and wages, investment income (dividends, interest, capital gains), rental income, and business income.
6. Can I deduct expenses related to foreign income on my Swiss tax return?
Yes, you can generally deduct expenses related to foreign income, such as professional expenses, charitable donations, and childcare expenses.
7. What is withholding tax, and how does it apply to foreign income in Switzerland?
Withholding tax is a tax deducted at the source of income. Switzerland allows residents to claim a credit for foreign withholding taxes paid on their income, subject to certain limitations.
8. What are the reporting requirements for foreign accounts held by Swiss residents?
Swiss residents must report their foreign accounts to the tax authorities. Switzerland participates in the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI), exchanging financial information with other countries.
9. What is wealth tax in Switzerland, and how does it affect foreign assets?
Wealth tax is levied annually on the total net worth, including assets such as real estate, investments, and savings. Foreign assets are included in the calculation of wealth tax for Swiss residents.
10. Where can I find more information about Swiss tax law and foreign income taxation?
You can find more information on the Federal Tax Administration (FTA) website, cantonal tax authorities’ websites, or by consulting a tax professional specializing in international tax and Swiss tax law.